Sword Assay for Human VEGF
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was identified as a cell specific mitogen, and a mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.1 It contributes to the development of tumors, and elevated levels of VEGF production are able to be detected in tumor cells at the extreme periphery of the tumor.2
In response to tumor-induced hypoxia there have been high levels of VEGF found in various types of tumors, but this is not the case in normal tissue.3 Elevated levels of VEGF result in bronchial asthma, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, and tumor growth and, the biological properties of VEGF make it an important therapeutic target.
TThis Sword Assay has been optimized for and requires the R&D Systems Human VEGF DuoSet ELISA (Catalog No. DY293B).
See the Sword Performance Difference
Sensitivity
Figure 1. Sword Assay for Human VEGF
Precision
Table 1.
Precision of VEGF Quantification in Human Serum with Sword Assay
Table 1. VEGF levels were quantified in human serum from healthy donors using the R&D Systems Human VEGF DuoSet ELISA (DY293B) with Sword Assay for Human VERGF. Donor samples were tested in duplicate in three separate runs.
Table 2.
Precision of VEGF Quantification in Human Plasma EDTA with Sword Assay
Table 2. VEGF levels were quantified in human plasma EDTA from healthy donors using the R&D Systems Human VEGF DuoSet ELISA (DY293B) with Sword Assay for Human VEGF. Donor samples were tested in duplicate in three separate runs.
Recovery
Table 3.
Spike Recovery with Sword Assay for Human VEGF in Serum
Table 3. Human VEGF Reference Standard was spiked into pooled human serum from healthy donors. Human VEGF levels were quantified using the R&D Systems Human VEGF DuoSet ELISA (DY293B) with Sword Assay for Human VEGF.
Table 4.
Spike Recovery with Sword Assay for Human VEGF in Plasma EDTA
Table 4. Human VEGF Reference Standard was spiked into pooled human plasma EDTA from healthy donors. Human VEGF levels were quantified using the R&D Systems Human VEGF DuoSet ELISA (DY293B) with Sword Assay for Human VEGF.
Quantification
Table 5.
Quantification of VEGF in Healthy Human Serum
Table 5. Human VEGF was quantified in human serum from twelve healthy donors using the R&D Systems Human VEGF DuoSet ELISA (DY293B) with Sword Assay for Human VEGF. Measured human VEGF levels varied from not detectable (ND) to 14.33 pg/ml. Mean and median human VEGF levels were 4.59 pg/ml and 4.40 pg/ml, respectively.
Table 6.
Quantification of VEGF in Healthy Human Plasma
Table 6. Human VEGF was quantified in human plasma EDTA from twelve healthy donors using the R&D Systems Human VEGF DuoSet ELISA (DY293B) with Sword Assay for Human VEGF. Measured human VEGF levels varied from 0.19 pg/ml to 10.02 pg/ml. Mean and median human VEGF levels were 2.79 pg/ml and 2.12 pg/ml, respectively.
Citations
- Muller YA, et al.: The crystal structure of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) refined to 1.93 A resolution: multiple copy flexibility and receptor binding. Structure 1997, 5 (10):1325–1338
- Neufeld, G, et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors. The FASEB Journal 1999, 13:9-22.
- Soker, S, et al.: Characterization of Novel Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Receptors on Tumor Cells that Bind VEGF166 via its Exon 7-encoded Domain. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1996, 271:5761-5767.
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