Sword Assay for Human TNF-alpha
TNFα is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine produced predominantly by macrophages, and serves a variety of functions; possessing both growth stimulating and growth inhibitory processes, as well as having self-regulatory properties.1 TNFα interacts with receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2, and these are expressed differently on cells and tissues resulting in signaling cascades.
This can lead to a range of responses including: cell death, survival, differentiation, proliferation, and migration.2 TNFα cannot usually be detected in healthy individuals; however, elevated serum and tissue levels are found in inflammatory and infectious conditions, and serum levels correlate to the severity of infections.2 Lack of regulation of TNFα production has been implicated in a variety diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and Crohn’s disease.2-4
This Sword Assay has been optimized for use with the R&D Systems DuoSet ELISA for Human TNFα (DY210 or DY210-05).
See the Sword Performance Difference
Sensitivity
Figure 1. Sword Assay for Human TNFα
Precision
Table 1.
Precision of TNFα Quantification in Human Serum with Sword Assay
Table 1. TNFα levels were quantified in human serum from healthy donors using the R&D Systems Human VEGF DuoSet ELISA (DY210) with Sword Assay for Human TNFα. Donor samples were tested in duplicate in three separate runs.
Table 2.
Precision of TNFα Quantification in Human Plasma EDTA with Sword Assay
Table 2. TNFα levels were quantified in human plasma EDTA from healthy donors using the R&D Systems Human TNFα DuoSet ELISA (DY210) with Sword Assay for Human TNFα. Donor samples were tested in duplicate in three separate runs.
Recovery
Table 3.
Spike Recovery with Sword Assay for Human TNFα in Serum
Table 3. Human TNFα Reference Standard was spiked into pooled human serum from healthy donors. Human TNFα levels were quantified using the R&D Systems Human TNFα DuoSet ELISA (DY210) with Sword Assay for Human TNFα.
Table 4.
Spike Recovery with Sword Assay for Human TNFα in Plasma EDTA
Table 4. Human TNFα Reference Standard was spiked into pooled human plasma EDTA from healthy donors. Human TNFα levels were quantified using the R&D Systems Human TNFα DuoSet ELISA (DY210) with Sword Assay for Human TNFα.
Quantification
Table 5.
Quantification of TNFα in Healthy Human Serum
Table 5. Human TNFα was quantified in human serum from twelve healthy donors using the R&D Systems Human TNFα DuoSet ELISA (DY210) with Sword Assay for Human TNFα.
Table 6.
Quantification of TNFα in Healthy Human Plasma
Table 6. Human TNFα was quantified in human plasma EDTA from twelve healthy donors using the R&D Systems Human TNFα DuoSet ELISA (DY210) with Sword Assay for Human TNFα.
Citations
- Idriss HT, Naismith JH: TNF alpha and the TNF receptor superfamily: structure-function relationship(s). Microsc Res Tech 2000, 50:184-95.
- Van Herreweghe F, et al.: Tumor necrosis factor-mediated cell death: to break or to burst, that’s the question. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010, 67:1567-79.
- Chen DY, et al.: Proinflammatory cytokine profiles of patients with elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with younger-onset disease. Gerontology 2009, 55:250-8.
- Hehlgans T, Pfeffer K: The intriguing biology of the tumour necrosis factor/tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily: players, rules and the games. Immunology 2005, 115:1-20.
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